622 CE

In 622 CE, the Hijrah, or Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s migration from Mecca to Medina, took place. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the [Hijri calendar]. The Hijrah was a pivotal moment in Islam, as it led to the establishment of the first Muslim community ([ummah]) and a new socio-political order. 

• Prophet Muhammed ﷺ’s Migration: Facing persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, a city that had invited him to mediate disputes among its tribes. 
• [Establishment of Medina]: In Medina, Prophet Muhammed ﷺ established the first Islamic state, based on the Qur’an and his teachings. 
• Beginning of Islamic Calendar: The Hijrah is the starting point for the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar. The first day of the first year of the Hijrah is considered July 16, 622 CE. 
• Constitution of Medina: Prophet Muhammed ﷺ negotiated a document called the Constitution of Medina with the various tribes in Medina, outlining the rights and responsibilities of the different groups within the city.