Cartesian Thinking
Cartesian thinking, derived from the philosophy of René Descartes, emphasizes a metaphysical dualism of mind and matter. Descartes believed in the certainty of knowledge through reason, opposing empiricism. Cartesianism views the mind as distinct from the body, leading to questions about causal interaction and knowledge of the external world. The Cartesian self is seen as pure individual consciousness, separate from the body. Descartes’ emphasis on reason and innate ideas influenced various fields, including mathematics and philosophy.