Three Marks of Existence
In Buddhism, the Three marks of existence are three characteristics (Pali: tilakkhaṇa; Sanskrit: त्रिलक्षण trilakṣaṇa) of all existence and beings, namely anicca (impermanence), dukkha (commonly translated as “suffering” or “cause of suffering”, “unsatisfactory”, “unease”), and anattā (without a lasting essence). The concept of humans being subject to delusion about the three marks, this delusion resulting in suffering, and removal of that delusion resulting in the end of dukkha, is a central theme in the Buddhist Four Noble Truths, the last of which leads to the Noble Eightfold Path.
The three marks of existence are impermanence (anicca), suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anatta). These characteristics are also known as the Three Dharma Seals.
Explanation
- Impermanence (anicca): The idea that all things are constantly changing and in a constant flow.
- Suffering (dukkha): The inherent dissatisfaction or unease that arises from our desires and expectations.
- Non-self (anatta): The idea that people can and do change in life, and that there is no unchanging self or soul.
Understanding these marks helps us see the truth about life and transform suffering. It encourages us to accept death and suffering as a part of life.
- In Hinduism, these characteristics are described as “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā”, “sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā”, and “sabbe dhammā anattā”.
- In Buddhism, these characteristics are considered to be basic characteristics of our world.
- Some teachers refer to the third mark as nirvana, the joy of letting go of concepts.