Being in itself
Being-in-itself is the self-contained and fully realized being of objects. It is a term used in early 20th century continental philosophy, especially in the works of Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and the existentialists.
“Being for itself” (pour-soi) is a fundamental concept in existentialist philosophy, particularly in Jean-Paul Sartre’s work, describing the existence of consciousness, self-awareness, freedom, and the ability to negate or “make nothing” of the world. It contrasts with “being-in-itself” (en-soi), which refers to the existence of inanimate objects that simply are, lacking consciousness and freedom.
Characteristics of Being-for-itself
Consciousness and Self-Awareness: It is the existence of consciousness, aware of itself and capable of reflecting on its own existence.
Freedom and Choice: Being-for-itself is defined by its freedom to choose, act, and shape its own identity.
Nothingness: Humans introduce nothingness into the world by negating the being-in-itself, which creates possibilities and alternatives that don’t yet exist.
Temporal Nature: This mode of being is temporal, characterized by passage and becoming, constantly in a state of change and self-creation.
Lack: Sartre argued that being-for-itself is characterized by a fundamental lack or absence of fixed essence, which makes desire, choice, and freedom possible.
Distinction from Being-in-itself
Being-in-itself: is the existence of objects and things that are fixed, determined, and lack consciousness or self-awareness. A rock is an example of being-in-itself.
Being for itself: is the subjective, free, and dynamic existence of human consciousness.
Key Implications
“Existence precedes essence”: Because being-for-itself lacks a fixed essence, individuals must create their own meaning and identity through their choices and actions.
Responsibility: The freedom of being-for-itself comes with immense responsibility for the choices one makes, leading to potential existential angst.
Authenticity vs. Bad Faith: Individuals can choose to act authentically, embracing their freedom, or fall into “bad faith,” denying their freedom and pretending to be a fixed, in-itself entity.