Ideal state

An “ideal state” is a theoretical concept of a perfect or most desirable society, with a famous example being Plato’s Republic. It represents a society where justice, harmony, and the common good are prioritized, though the specifics vary depending on the philosopher’s values. Plato, for instance, envisioned a state ruled by philosopher-kings and divided into three classes: rulers, guardians, and producers, each performing a role based on their abilities.
Key components of Plato’s ideal state

Philosopher-kings: The rulers, who possess wisdom and knowledge of the Forms, are responsible for governing the state justly.

Guardians (Auxiliaries): This class is responsible for defending the state and maintaining order, undergoing rigorous military and civic training.

Producers: This group consists of farmers, artisans, and merchants who provide for the state’s material needs.

Principle of specialization: Each class performs the task for which it is best suited, working in harmony with the others.

Justice: A key principle is that justice is achieved when each class performs its role correctly and does not interfere with the others.

Other perspectives on the ideal state

Aristotle: Believed the ideal state should be a moderate-sized city-state, guided by the supremacy of law, with common ownership of goods but private property for households.

Mahatma Gandhi: Envisioned an ideal state as a non-violent, self-regulated anarchist society with no government.

Modern interpretations: Include the idea of a state where people are happy, live in harmony, and are in a state of well-being, with the “ideal state” being subjective to individual values.