Neo-Hinduism
Contemporary groups, collectively termed Hindu reform movements, reform Hinduism, Neo-Hinduism, or Hindu revivalism, strive to introduce regeneration and reform to Hinduism, both in a religious or spiritual and in a societal sense. The movements started appearing during the Bengali Renaissance.
Neo-Hinduism, also known as Neo-Vedanta, refers to a modern interpretation and revival of Hindu beliefs and practices, particularly those influenced by Western thought and colonial encounters in the 19th and 20th centuries. It emphasizes unifying and universalizing aspects of Hinduism, often focusing on its monotheistic nature and ethical principles, while also incorporating elements of Western philosophy and social reform.
Key Aspects of Neo-Hinduism:
- Response to Western Influence: Neo-Hinduism emerged as a response to the British colonial presence and the spread of Western ideas, including Christianity, in India.
- Reinterpretation of Tradition: It involved reinterpreting and adapting traditional Hindu concepts and practices to address the challenges and opportunities presented by Western modernity.
- Emphasis on Universalism: Neo-Hindu thinkers often emphasized the universal, ethical, and spiritual aspects of Hinduism, seeking to present it as a world religion with a message applicable to all.
- Focus on Monotheism: While Hinduism is known for its pantheon of deities, Neo-Hinduism frequently highlighted the concept of a single, ultimate reality (Brahman) as the basis of all existence.
- Social Reform: Neo-Hinduism also played a role in advocating for social reforms, such as challenging the caste system and promoting education.
- Notable Figures: Key figures associated with Neo-Hinduism include Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, and Sri Aurobindo, as well as movements like the Brahmo Samaj.
Example:
Swami Vivekananda, a prominent figure in Neo-Hinduism, presented Hinduism as a universal religion with a message of tolerance and spiritual unity. He emphasized the concept of Brahman as the ultimate reality and advocated for social service and reform based on Hindu principles.
Controversies:
While Neo-Hinduism aimed to revitalize and unify Hinduism, it also faced criticism. Some scholars argue that it oversimplified Hinduism by focusing on certain aspects while neglecting others. Others suggest that it was influenced by Western notions of religion and identity, potentially leading to a homogenization of diverse Hindu traditions.
In essence, Neo-Hinduism represents a significant period of transformation and adaptation within Hinduism, shaped by internal reform movements and external influences.
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[1] https://jamesbishopblog.com/2020/08/30/what-is-neo-hinduism/
[3] https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100228285
[4] https://ericarintovichyoga.com/neo-hinduism-the-spiritual-influence-of-yoga-practice/
[7] wikipedia/en/Hindu_reform_movements
[8] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0191453719828425