Nondualism

Words for nonduality vary by tradition, including Advaita (Sanskrit for “not two”) and Brahman and Atman (Hinduism) to describe the oneness of ultimate reality and the self; Shunyata (Sanskrit for “emptiness”) and Buddha-nature (Buddhism) referring to the lack of inherent existence; and monism (Western) which is similar but distinct in its focus on a single ultimate substance. Other terms include Taoism’s concept of a unified whole, mystical traditions’ ideas of oneness and unity, and terms like Turiya or Sahaja.

Hindu traditions

Advaita: A Sanskrit word meaning “not two,” signifying that there is no fundamental duality between the individual self $(Atman)$ and the ultimate reality ($Brahman$).
Brahman: The ultimate, unchanging reality of the universe.
Atman: The individual self or soul, which in Advaita is identical to Brahman.
Turiya: A state of “fourth” awareness, transcending waking, dreaming, and deep sleep.
Chaitanya: Pure consciousness.
Sahaja: “Natural state” or “born with,” often used in Tantra to denote a non-dual, natural state of being.

Buddhist traditions

Shunyata: Often translated as “emptiness,” it describes the lack of inherent existence of all phenomena, including the self.
Buddha-nature: The inherent potential for enlightenment that exists in all beings.
Rigpa: A term for awareness or consciousness, often used in Tibetan Buddhism.
Dharmakaya: The fundamental reality that is the unmanifested body of all Buddhas.

Western and other traditions

Monism: The philosophical view that all is one, or that reality is reducible to a single principle or substance. While similar to nonduality, it is a metaphysical statement, whereas nonduality is more about the absence of separation.
Non-duality: A translation of the Sanskrit Advaita, it refers to the idea that separate entities are not as distinct as they appear.
Oneness: A common term for the experience of nonduality, emphasizing unity with all things.

Taoism

While the specific term may vary, Taoism shares the non-dual concept of the Tao as the fundamental, unified principle from which all things arise and to which they return.

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291124001311

[2] https://deconstructingyourself.com/nonduality

[3] https://fiveable.me/key-terms/intro-philosophy/non-dualism

[4] https://emilylightyoga.com/writings/what-is-nonduality-in-yoga

[5] wikipedia/en/Nondualism