Djemal Pasha
Ahmed Djemal (Ottoman Turkish: احمد جمال پاشا, romanized: Ahmed Cemâl Paşa; Turkish: Ahmet Cemal Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Djemal Pasha or Cemâl Pasha, was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
As an officer of the II Corps, he was stationed in Salonica where he developed political sympathies for the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) reformers. He was initially praised by Christian missionaries and provided support to the Armenian victims of the Adana massacres.
In the course of his army career Cemal developed a rivalry with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, served in Salonica on the frontlines of the Balkan Wars and was given the martial law command of Constantinople after the Raid on the Sublime Porte. Cemal’s authoritarian three year rule in Syria alienated the local population who opposed Turkish nationalism. His role in the Armenian genocide has been controversial as his policies were not as deadly as other CUP leaders; Cemal favored the forced assimilation of Armenians.
