Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson (French: [bɛʁksɔn]; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War, but also after 1966 when Gilles Deleuze published Le Bergsonisme. Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality.
Bergson was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature “in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented”. In 1930, France awarded him its highest honour, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d’honneur. Bergson’s great popularity created a controversy in France, where his views were seen as opposing the secular and scientific attitude adopted by the Republic’s officials.
Bergson considers the appearance of novelty as a result of pure undetermined creation, instead of as the predetermined result of mechanistic forces. His philosophy emphasizes pure mobility, unforeseeable novelty, creativity and freedom; thus one can characterize his system as a process philosophy.
Intuition is the philosophical method of Henri Bergson and in Introduction to Metaphysics; he elaborately examines this notion as a unique way which enables us to grasp absolute reality. In this work, Bergson draws out two kinds of knowledge, namely, relative and absolute knowledge.
Bergson’s philosophical project can be understood as reintroducing metaphysics after Kant’s and the positivists’ criticisms. His main strategy to do so may be called “metaphysical empiricism”.
In Bergson’s process philosophy, reality or existence is fundamentally conceived of as an activity. Life is activity, and time is its substance of it. The intellect is a product of the activity of life created by evolution for the practical purposes of life.
In the debate, Bergson made it clear he had no problem with the mathematical logic of Einstein’s theory or the data that supported it. But for Bergson, relativity was not a theory that addressed time on its most fundamental, philosophical level. Instead, he claimed, it was theory about clocks and their behavior.
Bergson’s philosophy of memory?: according to Bergson, duration and consciousness itself are constituted as independent instants are continuously and automatically contracted together in memory and synthesized with the ever-changing present to form an undivided whole.
Intuitionism is a philosophy of mathematics that was introduced by the Dutch mathematician L.E.J. Brouwer (1881–1966). Intuitionism is based on the idea that mathematics is a creation of the mind.
Although officially dualist, Bergson’s view is somewhat akin to the ‘neutral monism’ of William James and others. Though perception differs in kind from memory, it essentially involves it in varying degrees.
The Cone of Memory focuses on the dynamic interplay between perception, memory, and experience, hoping to account for the generation of novel understandings and interpretations of reality. Bergson’s emphasis on experience at the personal level also has significant implications for how we understand the self.
In An Introduction to Metaphysics, Bergson introduces two ways in which an object can be known: absolutely and relatively. Pertaining to each mode of knowledge is a method through which it can be gained. The latter’s method is what Bergson calls analysis, while the method of intuition belongs to the former.wikipedia/en/Intuition_(Bergson)
Intuition is an experience of sorts, which allows us to in a sense enter into the things in themselves. Thus he calls his philosophy the true wikipedia/en/Empiricism.wikipedia/en/Intuition_(Bergson) In the following article, analysis and the relative will be explained as a preliminary to understanding intuition, and then intuition and the absolute will be expounded upon.In An Introduction to Metaphysics, Bergson introduces two ways in which an object can be known: absolutely and relatively. Pertaining to each mode of knowledge is a method through which it can be gained. The latter’s method is what Bergson calls analysis, while the method of intuition belongs to the former.wikipedia/en/Intuition_(Bergson)
Intuition is an experience of sorts, which allows us to in a sense enter into the things in themselves. Thus he calls his philosophy the true wikipedia/en/Empiricism.wikipedia/en/Intuition_(Bergson) In the following article, analysis and the relative will be explained as a preliminary to understanding intuition, and then intuition and the absolute will be expounded upon.