Values
Axiology (from Greek ἀξία, axia: “value, worth”; and -λογία, -logia: “study of”) is the philosophical study of value. It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. It is intimately connected with various other philosophical fields that crucially depend on the notion of value, like ethics, aesthetics or philosophy of religion. It is also closely related to value theory and meta-ethics. The term was first used by Eduard von Hartmann in 1887 and by Paul Lapie in 1902.
The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic value is central to axiology. One conceptualization holds that something is intrinsically valuable if it is good in itself or good for its own sake. It is usually held that intrinsic value depends on certain features of the valuable entity. For example, an experience may be said to be intrinsically valuable by virtue of being (because it is) pleasurable or beautiful or “true” (e.g., the ascertainment of a fact can be said to be valuable in itself). Extrinsic value, by contrast, is ascribed to things that are valuable only as a means to something else. Substantive theories of value try to determine which entities have intrinsic value. Monist theories hold that there is only one type of intrinsic value. The paradigm example of monist theories is hedonism, the thesis that only pleasure has intrinsic value. Pluralist theories, on the other hand, contend that there are various different types of intrinsic value, for example, virtue, knowledge, friendship, etc. Value pluralists face the problem of explaining whether or how the different types of value can be compared when making rational decisions. Some philosophers state that values do not exist on the most fundamental level of reality. One such view holds that a value statement about something just expresses the speaker’s approval or disapproval of this thing. This position is opposed by realists about value.
How to find people who align with your values - YouTube
Each of these notes delves into crucial aspects of building and maintaining a value-driven life, emphasizing the importance of consistency between beliefs and actions, and the role of confidence and boundaries in safeguarding one’s personal peace and integrity.
1. The Psychological Impact of Empathy on Self-Doubt
Empathetic individuals often experience heightened levels of self-doubt and insecurity. This stems from their tendency to acknowledge multiple perspectives, even those of adversaries, which can dilute their confidence in their own viewpoints. This empathy-induced self-doubt is a double-edged sword, fostering understanding at the cost of personal certainty. A solution to this is building confidence through self-awareness and value affirmation, which counters the insecurities and leads to a more fulfilled life.
2. The Role of Confidence in Achieving Inner Peace
Achieving inner peace and fulfillment heavily relies on one’s confidence, which acts as a protective barrier against the turmoil of self-doubt. A key strategy in fostering this confidence is to strengthen personal values and maintain integrity in the face of adversity. History and culture provide numerous examples where maintaining strong values has safeguarded individual goodness against exploitation and disrespect.
3. Establishing Strong Personal Values
To protect one’s mental peace and authenticity, it is essential to establish and adhere to strong personal values. This process involves not only recognizing inherent values but also actively reinforcing them through consistent actions that reflect these principles. This helps in forming a resilient identity that can withstand external pressures and influences.
4. The Importance of Boundaries in Value Protection
Setting firm boundaries is crucial for anyone seeking to maintain their values and personal peace in interactions. By clearly communicating these boundaries and expectations to others, individuals can prevent situations where their values are compromised. This approach is likened to natural responses seen in the environment, where boundaries are necessary for maintaining balance and preventing abuse.
5. The Disconnect Between Stated Intentions and Actions
There is often a discrepancy between what people claim they value and their actions, which can undermine their integrity and self-respect. To truly embody one’s values, actions must consistently align with stated intentions. This alignment is crucial for personal growth and authenticity, ensuring that one lives in accordance with their true self.
6. The Challenge of Aligning with Like-Minded Individuals
Finding and connecting with people who share similar values can be challenging but is vital for personal growth and emotional support. Often, those on self-improvement journeys may feel isolated due to their high standards and low tolerance for ignorance. However, it's important to remain open to connections that can support and elevate one's spirit, even if they are not perfect.
7. The Impact of External Validation on Personal Goals
The pursuit of personal goals is often hindered by the premature sharing of intentions, which can lead to a satisfaction derived from external validation rather than actual achievement. This phenomenon can demotivate individuals from pursuing their intended actions, emphasizing the importance of intrinsic motivation and private commitment to personal values and objectives.