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    2 min read (293 words)

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    • Indian Philosophy

    Indian Philosophy is broadly divided into two main categories: orthodox (Astika) and heterodox (Nastika) schools of thought. The Astika schools accept the authority of the Vedas, while the Nastika schools do not.

    Orthodox (Astika) Schools:

    • Nyaya: Focuses on Epistemology (theory of knowledge) and Logic.
    • Vaisheshika: A school of Realism and atomism.
    • Samkhya: Explores the nature of reality and the universe, emphasizing the duality of Prakriti (matter) and Purusha (Consciousness).
    • Yoga: Emphasizes practical methods for achieving liberation through practices like Meditation and self-discipline.
    • Mimamsa: Interprets the Vedas, particularly the rituals and Karma.
    • Vedanta: Focuses on the knowledge section of the Vedas, especially the Upanishads, exploring the nature of reality, the self, and the Absolute (Brahman).

    Heterodox (Nastika) Schools:

    • Jainism: Emphasizes non-violence, Karma, and liberation through self-discipline and detachment.
    • Buddhism: Focuses on the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and Nirvana (liberation).
    • Ajivika: A materialist school that believed in the cyclical nature of existence and the inevitability of death.
    • Charvaka (Lokayata): A materialistic and hedonistic school that rejected the authority of the Vedas and believed in the validity of only direct experience.

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